John Lyly

THE WOMAN IN THE MOON

1590–1595

a synoptic, alphabetical character list

CONCORD

Concord is one of Nature's maidens. She unites the oppositions created by Discord (another maiden) and, following Nature's instructions, joins together Pandora's spirit and flesh.

CUPID

Cupid is sent by Venus to make Pandora fall in love with each of the shepherds.

DISCORD

Discord is one of Nature's maidens. She complains to Nature about Concord and later, following Nature's instructions, gives Pandora her voice.

GUNOPHILUS

Gunophilus is a servant to Pandora. When the shepherds court Pandora, Gunophilus acts as a go-between. However, he also falls in love with Pandora and eventually runs away with her. Pandora, under the influence of Luna, becomes deranged. When Stesias, Pandora's husband, captures them, Gunophilus persuades him that he was only chasing after his mistress.

IPHICLES

Iphicles is one of the shepherds who ask Nature to create a woman so that they can procreate. He courts Pandora and quarrels with the other shepherds. After Stesias marries Pandora, Iphicles continues to press his love. Under the influence of Venus, Pandora tells Iphicles that she now loves him; when the shepherds discover that Pandora has professed love to each of them in turn, they denounce her to Stesias. Now under the influence of Mercury, Pandora gets her revenge–she sends her ring to Iphicles and asks to meet with him. Pandora then persuades Iphicles to retract his story; in return, Pandora agrees to meet the shepherd at midnight, but Stesias arrives instead and beats Iphicles. Eventually, Iphicles and the other shepherds tell Stesias the whole story of Pandora's manipulations.

JOCULUS

Joculus is a satyr who dances with Pandora.

JUPITER

Jupiter is one of the planets who, jealous of Pandora's beauty, take it in turn to rule her behavior. Jupiter causes Pandora to be ambitious and disdainful of those who court her. However, Jupiter falls in love with Pandora himself. Ironically, Pandora disdains Jupiter's approaches and Juno upbraids Jupiter

JUNO

Juno is Jupiter's wife. She discovers him courting Pandora.

LEARCHUS

Learchus is one of the shepherds who ask Nature to create a woman so that they can procreate. He courts Pandora and quarrels with the other shepherds. After Stesias marries Pandora, Learchus continues to press his love. Pandora, under the influence of Venus, tells Learchus she now loves him; when the shepherds discover that Pandora has professed love to each of them in turn, they denounce her to Stesias. Now under the influence of Mercury, Pandora gets her revenge–she sends a letter to Learchus, persuading him to meet with her. Professing her love once more, Pandora manages to make Learchus go back on his story to Stesias; Pandora agrees to meet the shepherd at midnight, but Stesias arrives instead and beats Learchus. Eventually, Learchus and the other shepherds tell Stesias the whole story of Pandora's manipulations.

LUNA

Luna is one of the planets who, jealous of Pandora's beauty, take it in turn to rule her behavior. Luna, the last of the gods to influence Pandora, makes her new-fanlged, fickle, slothfull, foolish and mad. Later, Pandora chooses to be placed in Luna's orbs, because fickleness is, she says, her proper form.

MARS

Mars is one of the planets who, jealous of Pandora's beauty, take it in turn to rule her behavior. Mars causes Pandora to be aggressive with her suitors, whom she strikes.

MELOS

Melos is one of the shepherds who ask Nature to create a woman so that they can procreate. He courts Pandora and quarrels with the other shepherds. After Stesias marries Pandora, Melos continues to press his love. Pandora, under the influence of Venus, tells Melos that she now loves him; when the shepherds discover Pandora has professed love to each of them in turn, they denounce her to Stesias. Now under the influence of Mercury, Pandora gets her revenge–she sends a napkin soaked in lamb's blood to Melos, persuading him to meet with her. By professing her love once more, Pandora manages to make Melos go back on his story to Stesias; Pandora agrees to meet the shepherd at midnight, but Stesias arrives instead and beats Melos. Eventually, Melos and the other shepherds tell Stesias the whole story of Pandora's manipulations.

MERCURY

Mercury is one of the planets who, jealous of Pandora's beauty, take it in turn to rule her behavior. Mercury makes Pandora scheming and false; under his influence, she plans to have her revenge on the shepherds after they denounce her to Stesias.

NATURE

Nature creates Utopia. When the shepherds in Utopia ask Nature to make them a mate, she and her maidens Discord and Concord create Pandora. However, Pandora's beauty makes the other planets jealous. After the planets have, in turn, ruled Pandora's behavior, Nature puts her into Luna's orb.

PANDORA

Pandora is created by Nature after the shepherds of Utopia plead for a mate. Her beauty makes the planets jealous and they resolve to influence her behavior. Under Saturn, she is melancholy; under Jupiter, she she refuses to love anyone -- even Jupiter; and under Mars' influence, she beats the shepherds. Sol makes her gentle and kind, and under his influence she marries one of the shepherds, Stesias. However, Venus makes her fall in love with all of the other shepherds in turn. When they discover Pandora's deceit, the shepherds denounce her to her husband. Now under Mercury's influence, Pandora sets a plot to have her revenge on the shepherds -- she sends Melos a blood-stained napkin, Learchus a letter and Iphicles one of her rings. One-by-one, the shepherds are persuaded to retract their story but, instead of meeting them later, she runs off with her servant Gunophilus. When Stesias catches the pair, Pandora (under Luna's influence) appears to be mad. Finally abandoned by Stesias, Pandora chooses to be placed in Luna's orb.

SATURN

Saturn is one of the planets who, jealous of her beauty, take it in turn to rule Pandora's behavior. Saturn makes her melancholy.

SOL

Sol is one of the planets who, jealous of her beauty, take it in turn to rule Pandora's behavior. Sol makes her virtuous.

STESIAS

Stesias is one of the shepherds who ask Nature to create a woman so that they can procreate. He courts Pandora, quarrels with the other shepherds and eventually marries her. However, he grows angry when the other shepherds declare her to be false but, when Pandora collapses, he is persuaded that the shepherds have plotted against her out of jealousy. With each of the shepherds denying their story, Stesias dresses himself as a woman and beats them. He then chases Pandora, who has fled with Gunophilus and, finally, the shepherds tell him about her plots. The planets intervene and reveal their influence on Pandora to Stesias, who nevertheless refuses to forgive her.

VENUS

Venus is one of the planets who, jealous of Pandora's beauty, take it in turn to rule her behavior. With the help of Joculus and Cupid, Venus makes Pandora fall in love with each of the shepherds in turn.